This chapter examines the political context of the 1930s and 1940s to the end of World War II and this period's impact on writing representing Aboriginality. Shoemaker looks at the roles of the Australian Aborigines Progressive Association (1924-1927), the Euralian Association of Western Australia (1934), the 1937 Aboriginal petition sent to the King on behalf of the Australian Aborigines League and, the most important group of the era, William Ferguson's Aborigines Progressive Asscoiation (APA) formed in 1934. Shoemaker argues that World War II was a crucial catalyst for policy change for Aboriginal Australians.